tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-38946021176613820022024-02-18T17:49:20.096-08:00CHAKMAS IN ARUNACHAL PRADESHdavidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-39722687711957842602013-11-14T21:59:00.002-08:002013-11-14T21:59:42.848-08:00Image of Diyun Bazar<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Here are few photos of Diyun Bazaar which I have taken during my recent visit. It seems the economy is growing but at the same time the area is getting congested and dirty. Sanitation and drainage is a big problem. There are still many families who are using open latrine system and the administration should encourage and punish those whose don't build a concrete latrine in the township area. I think all the families staying in Diyun township can afford a concrete and cover latrines . Otherwise there is chance of breakout of diseases.<br />
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davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-2175363361070992532011-10-09T09:24:00.000-07:002011-10-09T09:26:08.293-07:00Awakeing of the Public leaders of DiyunIt’s very heartening to see that the local people of Diyun- Bordumasa are awakening to the fact that the infrastructure condition in the area is pathetic. Especially to see public leaders like Lajala Singpho, ZPM RC Deori and Anchal chairperson TNN Innao. <br />http://www.sentinelassam.com/arunachal/story.php?sec=2&subsec=7&id=78305&dtP=2011-06-15&ppr=1<br />Yes it is a fact that the closing of ropeway (maintain by Oil India Ltd) is causing a lot of hardship to the people around the area. But they have to be aware to the fact that a company cannot build roads and bridges and maintain them. OIL will maintain it till they think it’s viable and profitable for them. When it is no longer useful for them they will just leave it. <br />So they cannot blame OIL . Anyway there are hardly 100 staffs station at Manabhum, so there is no point maintaining a ropeway for them since the operational cost is quite high. <br />I also found it very ironic that the public leaders are critical of OIL. “Innao-Pisi (Ropeway) road under Public Work Department that has a span of 21 kms has never been maintained ever since it was constructed decades ago. It is one of the busiest roads in Changlang district that is being used by OIL. That is perhaps the reason why PWD cares least about its maintenance, the leaders felt and unanimously demanded immediate transfer of the road in question to OIL Company for regular maintenance and safety. “<br />But is the conditions of other portion of Diyun- Namsai roads much better? I think it’s more pathetic. If they think that PWD does not maintain the road properly, why does not they complain to the higher authorities against the Junior Engineer (Civil) station at Diyun ? Where are the money sanction for the maintenance of the road going? Are they all getting a portion of the spoils ? Why did they keep quiet for such a long time ?davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-81473261965690241252010-05-30T23:41:00.000-07:002010-05-30T23:56:35.386-07:00Non-inclusion of some Chakma villages in Census list in Arunachal Pradesh<div style="text-align: left;"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSikon%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSikon%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSikon%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> 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class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">While surfing through the net another incidence of high handedness of a govt. official of Arunachal Pradesh has came to light. This time it is the Extra-Assistant Commissioner (EAC) of Diyun Circle who is also the Census Charge Officer (CCO), who is acting against the guidelines issued by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The incident was reported by Merinews. Here is the full news.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="headline"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Chakma tribals of three Arunachal villages out of Census 2010<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">AS THE country debates the inclusion of caste in the Census India 2011, about 450 families comprising of 2000 people belonging to the tribal Chakma community from three villages under Diyun Circle in Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh are likely to be left out from the ongoing first phase of House-listing and Housing Census for Census India 2011.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The three Chakma inhabitated villages in question are Modakha Nala, Sukha Nala and Shillongpahar under Diyun Circle in Changlang district of the state. These villages are reportedly not covered in the ongoing census work following a direction from the Extra-Assistant Commissioner (EAC) of Diyun Circle who is also the Census Charge Officer (CCO).</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The Census Charge Officer of Diyun Circle has directed the supervisors and enumerators not to cover the three villages of Modakha Nala, Sukha Nala and Shillongpahar in the ongoing census.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The said direction of the CCO has come to light after the residents of Shillongpahar approached the CCO on May 9, 2010 as no enumerator visited their village for data collection. The villagers submitted a written complaint to the CCO for inclusion in the ongoing census. Instead of hearing their grievances the CCO informed the villagers that they will not be included in the ongoing census work. Interestingly, the same direction was written by hand on the complaint by the CCO. The CCO’s direction on the complaint which is available with this writer read as under:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">"Under no circumstances people residing in RF/ARF area shall be included in the ongoing Census work. Enumerators have already been briefed about the matter”.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The villagers informed this writer that they have been residing in these three villages since 1966. They further stated that their villages had previously been covered for the House-to-House Child Census under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), the Government of India’s flagship programme for achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (Order No.ED.SSA/DEV-1/2006-07 dated 6.12.2006, C.R.C. Coordinator, Diyun Circle) and the Deputy Commissioner-cum-Chairperson, District Health Society, Changlang district appointed Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) under the National Rural Health Mission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (Order No.CMD/RCH/ASHA/07/-08/29/2 dated 10.9.2007) from these villages. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The direction of the CCO is not in line with the guidelines issued by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. In its Circular vide No. 9/31/2010-CD(CEN) dated March 3, 2010 (CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 – CIRCULAR No. 16), the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India directed all the census officials in the country to prepare a comprehensive list of villages, towns and sub-districts which should include inhabited as well as uninhabited villages as well as forest settlements, unauthorized colonies, etc. Further, the circular directs the Principal Census Officer to ensure that all habitations have been included without any omission.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The Census in the country is carried out under the provision of the Census Act and Census Rules and the amendments thereafter. The duties of the Census Officers have been identified under Rule 5 of the Census Rules 1990 of the Census Act 1948. There are penalties for failure to carry out the duties under the provisions of the Census Act under the Section 11. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The duties assigned to the Census Charge Officer, among others, include to “ensure full coverage, accuracy and timelines in taking census. ”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The Chakmas, who are already very poor, of these three villages are worried that if they are not included in the ongoing census they will be further deprive of accessing benefits under various welfare and development projects of the government. Any omission in population can be rectified only after 10 years and hence it is important to net the entire population without any omission.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The first phase of House-listing and Housing Census for Census of India 2011 which started on April 15, 2010 in Arunachal Pradesh ends on May 31, 2010. The Census of India 2011 is very important as for the first time National Population Register (NPR) will be prepared. Based on the NPR data, a Unique Identity (UID) Number will be issued to each citizen which will be useful for accessing benefits under various welfare and development projects of the government.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </div>davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-465050752452671352010-05-21T04:17:00.000-07:002010-05-24T04:50:28.977-07:00The M-Pen issueThe issues that is burning in the local politics in Arunachal Pradesh is the land row between the Chakmas and the Singphos residing in and around M-Pen. The problem does not seem to be as big as it was made into if precautionary measures had been taken from both the parties. It could be resolved through dialogue involving the concern parties.<br />The reason for making it into a big issue is that it involved the Chakma community.<br />We have been reading all the bias report from some of the Arunachalee dailies. But did they bother to hear the opinion of the Chakmas residing in M-Pen? No , because they are landless and refugees ? They took only the opinion of some Singpho leaders , and other students bodies.<br />How many time a Arunachalee daily reported about the plight of Chakmas, who are leading a miserable life without the facilities of proper education, health care, job, etc? How many times did they report the atrocities meted out to the Chakmas ?<br />Now the Singpho leaders are claiming that they posses Land Possession Certificate (LPC) .Where was those LPC before 2 years. Just because they have the political and the bureaucracy backing they can get LPC anytime. Which is not the case with the Chakmas .<br />There are many question to be ask. The whole issues is taking advantage of the administrative power and make the poor, de-enfranchise people to the brinks of landless.<br />The main occupation of the Chakmas is the agriculture. If the are without left landless , how will they feed themselves ? Nobody can deny the fact that Chakmas are feeding all the people in Diyun and Miao circle with their agricultural products. How many local people of Singpho and Khamti work in their agricultural fields? You can count in your fingers. They all give their agricultural land to the Chakmas for share-cropping.<br />So, in order to get to the conclusion it is very important to listen to the both side of the story. Here we are listening the version of only one side. While the other side the powerless and without any voice.davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-28454383299224861672009-05-03T01:31:00.000-07:002009-05-03T01:53:41.525-07:00Rigging and Booth- Capturing In Arunachal PradeshIt is very <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">very surprising to wake up early and reading such ridiculous articles about my state. I always thought that people in my state will never do such thing whether they win or loose. But the power hungry politicians in the state can do anything now to win the election. </span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"></span><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/They-dont-stop-at-100-in-Arunachal/articleshow/4473860.cms"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">“I</span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/They-dont-stop-at-100-in-Arunachal/articleshow/4473860.cms"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">n the days of yore, when rigging and booth-capturing were the order of the day in Bihar, it was not unusual for polling centres to register a voter turnout of 90% and above”</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal">I think the politician in the state are taking lessons<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>from their counterparts in Bihar…. It is so ridiculous to <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>see a turnout of more than 100% in the state where the overall voters turnout all over the country is struggling to cross 50% mark.</p><p class="MsoNormal">We hape put Bihar to shame..</p><p class="MsoNormal">Look at the figures below:</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/They-dont-stop-at-100-in-Arunachal/articleshow/4473860.cms">Figures released by the office of the Tawang district election officer suggest that the voter turnout in the Luguthang Primary School polling station 108.11%. Other booths in the assembly segment had a similar tale. It was 104.48% in Gyamdomg Medium School, 104.38% in Mirba community hall, 102.70% in Thingbu Medium School, 101.72% in the Kharjung Primary School, 101.56% in the Bomja Primary School polling centre and 100.55% in the Lhou Secondary School. </a></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/They-dont-stop-at-100-in-Arunachal/articleshow/4473860.cms"><br /></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/They-dont-stop-at-100-in-Arunachal/articleshow/4473860.cms">Palin recorded -battering turnout. The Korayar polling station, for instance, recorded a 154.08% turnout. It was 136.86% in Kembing, 127.14% in Riaga, 21.13% in Resteriang and 120.40% in Korayar. </a></span><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Is our state going the Bihar's way? </p><p class="MsoNormal">If the situation goes in this direction, then just think 20 years ahead ,what will be the our situation? There will be daylight robery, kidnapping , abduction and so on. The symptoms of which are slowly showing up. Think about it.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p></div></div>davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-4106248203284281092009-03-20T01:46:00.000-07:002009-03-20T02:09:01.630-07:00INC candidate strive for solution to Chakmas- Hajongs problem<p class="MsoNormal">So finally , the INC candidate takam Sanjoy decided to include the Chakma and Hajongs problem in its election manifesto. Which as usual<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>erupt every time an election is near its corner. But this time they are singing a<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>different tunes. Which is very commendable.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>best solution can be reached only through dialogue instead of direct confrontation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">I personally feel that <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> the Chakmas</span> wants to solve the problem through dialogue involving all the concern parties . Solution which is acceptable to all the parties. The AAPSU, the main agitation party, should understand that a solution can only be reach by peaceful means.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>They should come to the table.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">During every election whether the Lok Sabha , State assemblies or AAPSU election in the state the candidates use this issue as its main agenda to garner votes .Only using the issue for gaining votes during election and forgetting it afterwards only will add to their woes. In this way both the public as well as the victim will get frustrated thus eroding their faith on them.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Also it is important to know what the BJP says about it since its candidate Kiren Rijiju and Tapir Gao still didn’t mince a word about the issue. We want to hear your opinion Mr. Rajiju ? </p> <p class="MsoNormal">During every election time, great words are being said by the candidate that when they are voted to power they will solve the Chakma and Hajongs issue. How many of them really want to solve the problem for all?</p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="width:100.0%;mso-cellspacing:0in;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt: 9.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";color:#943634;mso-theme mso-themeshade:191font-family:";color:accent2;"><a href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090320/jsp/northeast/story_10694688.jsp"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Mr. Sanjoy</span></a><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><a href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090320/jsp/northeast/story_10694688.jsp"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></a></span><a href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090320/jsp/northeast/story_10694688.jsp"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">promised to strive to solve the Chakma-Hajong issue if elected. “The Chakma and Hajong issue has been put on the backburner. But I will work earnestly to find a solution to the imbroglio by initiating a dialogue among the Centre, state government, Chakma leaders and the representatives of the All Arunachal Pradesh Students Union,” he added.</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Mr. Sanjoy , we</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">don’t want you to only</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">“STRIVE TO SOLVE ”</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">but to "SOLVE" it.</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr></tbody></table>davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-89821398454121533172009-03-15T05:57:00.000-07:002009-03-15T06:43:14.312-07:00Denial of Voting Rights to the Chakmas and Hajongs Of Arunachal PradeshAs the time for 15th Lok Sabha election is nearing, everybody in the country is gearing for the elections. This time the mood is different from the previous elections. The situation has changed after the Mumbai attack. Now even the corporate sectors is encouraging its employees to exercise their voting rights, helping them to get their name enrolled in the voters list. <br />But far away for the attention of the mainstream nation news lies the plight of two communities, Chakmas and Hajongs, who are struggling for gaining citizenship's and voting rights. Their lives is torment between the questions of Indian or refugee. Their faith is slowly eroding from the Indian justice system. The Election Commission Of India which claim to be a fair and independent body has not even able to enforce its order on the Arunachal Pradesh Election Commission ,which in a way work for the state government and changes colour at the whims of them. As the saying goes justice delayed is justice denied. The are struggling from the last 48 years to lead a life of a responsible and proud citizen of India. How long will justice elude these communities ? <br /><br />The following is a report by Asian Centre for Human Rights, a leading NGO based in Delhi:<br />http://www.achrweb.org/countries/india.htm<br /><br />III. Denial of voting rights to the <br />Chakmas and Hajongs<br /><br />In June 2007, the State government of Arunachal Pradesh headed by Chief Minister Dorjee Khandu formed a high powered committee to find out an amicable solution to the Chakma-Hajong issue. The high powered committee headed by Speaker of the Arunachal Pradesh legislative Assembly, Setong Sena and includes, among others, all four members of legislative Assembly of the Chakma-Hajong inhabited Assembly Constituencies as members.Both the All Arunachal Pradesh Students' Union (AAPSU) and the Committee for Citizenship Rights of the Chakmas and Hajongs of Arunachal Pradesh (CCRCHAP) welcomed the establishment of the Committee.<br />At the same time, over 12,000 Chakma and Hajong eligible voters continued to be denied enrollment into electoral rolls. Electoral activities in the four Chakma-Hajong inhabited Assembly Constituencies of 14-Doimukh, 46-Chowkham, <br />49-Bordumsa-Diyun and 50- miao remained suspended as a result of complaints of bias on the part of the local electoral officials.On 6 September 2007, the Election <br />Commission of India revoked the suspension and ordered the conduct of Special Summary <br />Revision of electoral rolls. The Election Commission issued specific guidelines as to how to conduct the revision of electoral rolls in the Chakma and Hajong areas. As earlier, the local electoral officials who are <br />also employees of the State government of Arunachal Pradesh did not comply with the guidelines and instead they imposed their own directions to ensure that even the 1,497 previously enrolled voters were deleted. As many as 36 out of 326 enrolled voters were deleted from 14-Chowkham Assembly Constituency even before beginning of the Special Summary Revision 2007. In 49-Bordumsa-Diyun and 50-miao <br />Assembly Constituencies several Chakma villages were not even officially informed about the revision process and were informed only after the Election Commission of India issued specific instructions following complaints from the Committee for Citizenship Rights of the Chakmas of Arunachal Pradesh. The Chakma and Hajong claimants were subjected to harassment, humiliation and were openly <br />discriminated by electoral officers led by the Deputy Commissioner of Changlang district Hage Batt, who has been designated as Electoral Registration Officer of 49- Bordumsa-Diyun and 50-miao Assembly Constituencies. Instead of conducting the hearing of claims and objections at Diyun, Mr Batt sat at Bordumsa, which is 60 kilometers away from Diyun. As there were no means of transportation between Bordumsa and Diyun, none out of 7,311 <br />Chakma and Hajong claimants from Diyun Circle could appear for hearing. The hearings were re-held at Diyun only after the Election Commission intervened on complaints from the Committee for Citenship Rights of the Chakmas and Hajongs of Arunachal Pradesh (CCRCHAP).<br />Taking cognizance of these violations of its guidelines by the local electoral officials, the Election Commission of India deputed two teams to the four Chakma-Hajong inhabited Assembly Constituencies. But justice continues to elude the Chakma and Hajong citizens as the Election Commission has again failed them. In February 2008, the Election Commission ordered the publication of final rolls in three of the four Assembly Constituencies (14-Doimukh, 46-Chowkham, and 50-miao). 49-Bordumsa-Diyun remained in abeyance until further orders. Out of about one thousand eligible voters, the names of only 201 claimants were included in the electoral rolls in 14-Doimukh while in 46-Chowkham, out of more than 1400 new claimants the names of only 14 were enrolled and names of 44 previously enrolled voters deleted. Similarly in 50-miao, only 1 out of about 4500 new claimants was included in the electoral roll.The Election Commission of India assured the CCRCHAP that it would send 2 more teams to Itanagar to examine claimants’documentation from 49-Bordumsa-Diyun. At the end of the year, the Election Commission of India had failed to enforce its guidelines.<br /><br />For verifying the claim please Check:<br />http://ceoarunachal.nic.indavidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-91120910203090059122008-12-27T01:03:00.000-08:002009-01-01T03:59:42.505-08:00Where is The Solution?Its been almost 10 months since Prime Minister visited Arunachal Pradesh . On his visit he promised many development packages for the state. The most important amongst it was the Rs. 55,00 crores 1,840-km trans-Arunachal Pradesh highway that will stretch from Tawang to Mahadevpur. Once this highway will be built it will be a big respite and a boom for the people of the state. Till now the movement of citizens from one part of the state to another part depends on the moods of Assam. I would say if moods because you never know when there will be bandh in Assam. It like that Assam is always under mood swings.<br />Another important decision for the development of the state was to put the the state in the rail map. <br /><br />But can Arunachal Pradesh be really a peaceful and achieve what it want to in terms of education, infrastructure, health care, etc without including the Chakmas and Hajongs. That is a big questions? Can a state take stride towards development leaving a section of its citizen behind ? I don't think so.<br /><br />The state government should accept the Chakmas and Hajongs as its citizen. Their problem is more of a political problem. The leaders in the state lacks visions to solve the problem . There is no leader to take bold steps leaving behind the communal feeling and taking into consideration the reality.<br /><br />The Chakma- Hajong problem must be solve as soon as possible before it is too late and get complicated. All the concern parties should be taken into consideration.<br /><br />In 2007, when Chief minister Khandu Dorjee came to power he constituted a high- power committee headed by Assembly Speaker Setong Sena and MLAs from Chakma inhabitant areas. It was welcome by both the AAPSU (All Arunachal Pradesh Student Union), the major party spearheading the anti-Chakma agitation, and CCRCAP(Committee for Citizenship Rights of the Chakmas and Hajongs of Arunachal Pradesh ). The AAPSU welcome the decision thinking that at last the politicians woke up to their call to drive the Chakmas out of the state while the CCRCAP welcome thinking otherwise. The CCRCAP thought that finally the politicians will take the call to solve the problem. Now both the parties are unsatisfied since the committee didn't took any decision till date. If the committee can not reach a decision even after one and half year then what is the point of forming a committee ? It shows the lack of apathy of the state politicos. <br />Again during the prime minister's visit to the state in February 2008, the Chief Minister requested the PM to form a high- power committee to solve the problem. What happen to the previous high power committee that was constituted in June 2007? <br />When will the state politicians and the AAPSU will wake up and try to solve the problem once and for all for the betterment of Arunachal Pradesh.davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-33076935346303768072008-10-08T06:54:00.000-07:002008-10-08T21:58:55.454-07:00Clearing The Dark CloudI was reading about the abduction of some members of Kathan Village by the Chakmas as reported by the media in Arunachal Pradesh. The reports by the Arunachal Times was biased against the Chakmas. It was a propaganda tool by the AAPSU (All Arunachal Pradesh Student Union) and Arunachal Citizens Rights (ACR)to create xenophobia in the state.<br />But in order to make a judgment it was important to know the view from the Chakmas also. What really happen? What was the problem? The Conflict was only between the members of the two villages. Then why trying to blame the whole community? Why trying to start a conflicts between the two neighbors who were having a harmonious relations?<br />I was really eager to know what really happen on 4th October. Since the whole community was blamed by the AAPSU(All Arunachal Pradesh Student Union) and Arunachal Citizens Rights (ACR). <br />All these years there was no major conflicts regarding land between the Mishmis and the Chakmas. They were staying as good neighbors.<br />The reason of conflict this time was regarding land. The land happens to fall between the boundary of Changlang and Lohit District.The land was allotted to the Chakmas from the time they came to Arunachal Pradesh. They were staying there since.<br />But now the villagers of Kathan claimed it to be their land. The conflict started from last year. And on 4th October , a mob from Kathan village torch the house of the Chakmas residing in that land. While running away after burning the houses , the Chakma villager caught 6 members of them. They kept them for a night but without harming them physically. But to hand over to the police the next day. That was what transpired. That was the incident that the AAPSU and ACR groups were claiming that the Santhi Vahini ,a Chakma militant group, abducted six members of Kathan village. <br />There is no such Chakma militant group in Arunachal. Those people who caught them are simple and unarmed villagers. <br />I hope the dark cloud over the incidence get clear after reading this. Now, it is the responsibility of the village heads from both the side to discuss the problem and reach an amicable solutions. There may be some misunderstanding from both side.<br />Such incidences can be solve by discussion among the villagers.davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-69010841948154317372008-06-07T03:33:00.000-07:002008-08-29T04:37:28.813-07:00NeigboursIts been a long time since i wrote anything in my blog. Now, i have got some space to breath and i wanted to devote some time on my blog . I had been thinking a lot about the topic i want to write. Finally i decided to write about the tribes around whose surrounding i been brought up. I had grown up seeing mainly Khamtis , Singphos , Deoris and Tangsas. I never knew about other tribes in Arunachal until l i started going to Middle School. But till now I i know about all the tribes of the state.<br />Mainly, i will concentrate on the economic, cultural, educational conditions of Singphos and Khmatis vis-a-vis the Chakmas. I am not here to demean , ridicule or make a judgment on any community but to write about the reality.<br />I wrote a lot about my people. What i like about the Chakmas of Arunachal is that they are very hard working people. Their aspiration in this adversities. Their believe in fate. Their optimistic thinking, which is really to be proud of .<br /><br />Singphos are our immediate neighbors. They are Buddhist by religion. They are very known for arts and crafts. They are very able blacksmiths. Which you can see in their tradition swords and knife.<br />I think the interaction of Chakmas with Singphos is more than between any other tribes. The Chakmas are lucky to be their neighbour. Religion is acting as a binding factor between the two communities. In the last four and half decades the has been any inter community marriages between the two communities. Beings Buddhist they are a peace loving community. There were no major conflicts between the two communities except a few unfortunate incidence , incited by some anti- social elements.<br />I think one of the major problem that is ailing their society is the drug abuse mainly heroine , against which the whole community should fight. Drug abuse is like a time bomb, which if not diffuse on time will inhale the society the way the the abuser inhale the smoke. In order to overcome this menace , the collective effort of the society is required . It will be the responsibility of the responsible youth to lead the campaign with the help from the leaders, elderly people .<br />In the field of education, they are also lagging behind. Their literacy rate is not commendable. Though the situation is changing slowly. More parents are emphasizing in education . Which is visible in the annual school reports.<br />Comparing with the condition of the two communities, I don't see a sea of difference in the socioeconomic condition of the majority of the populace, except in the political sphere.<br />Their is no much of a difference in the village conditions. In many of the Singpho villages , there<br />are no metallic roads. Even if there are roads but they are not being repair for a long time which is as good as having no roads. A very good example is the Diyun-Namsai road. The road is very important for the economic development of the area. The road cut across the areas of the Khamtis , Singphos and Deoris finally ending in the Chakmas areas. Being only of 32 km , it takes more than 2 hours to travel from Namsai to Diyun thus giving a average speed of only 14-16 km/hr. Just imagine!!! It is as good as riding on a cycle. How will the economic condition of the people living in this areas will increase , if the major road connecting to their areas is in such a pathetic state of condition? If there is problems in the transportation and communication , how will people sell their product to the outside markets? Agriculture being the main occupation of the people, they expect to sell their product to the outside market thus giving the much needed money.<br /><br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/-EY0hdkohXA&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/-EY0hdkohXA&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-45072803664005098632008-02-01T12:07:00.000-08:002008-02-01T12:10:34.043-08:00Rs. 10000 CR package for ArunachalpradeshWhat must be much happier news than this? All the people of Arunachal Pradesh must be beaming with happiness. I think the state is lucky that a state with population of 13 lakhs has got a Rs. 10,000 cr package from the PM visits. Very few North-eastern states got such package. But, it is negligible comparing that the state has been neglected by the Central government for so many years. It is better late than never, which the people of the state should be content with. With so long of negligence, the state is lagging behind 20-25 years in terms of developments. If it got the attention before the condition of the state would have been different.<br />Thanks to the China’s claim over the state (NO offence intended). Due to which the state is getting all the attention from the centre. Now , it is to be seen how the visionary politicians of the state grab the opportunity to get the attention of the centre and press firmly for the overall development of the state, particularly, in the field of infrastructure, education, health care and impetus for the tourism industry. It will be a test on their manipulative and convincing power.<br />According to me , the gem of the package is the Rs. 5,500 cr 18,40 km trans Arunachal Highway linking Tawang to Mahadevpur. It is the dream of all Arunachalis to be able to travel from one corner of the state to the other without entering Assam. It is really frustrating for people stranded in one corner of the state to not be able to go to the other corner due to bandh and other disturbances in Assam. Why should the citizen of the state pay the price for the bandh call in Assam?<br />I don’t know how many people in the state are concern about the building of big hydel power project in the state. Just imagine , how many people will be affected and how much of the forested land will be submerged under water due to the 3000 MW Dibang Power Project. I am not against building hydro Project but against big dam. This will be the biggest in the country. It is good to build small dam which will make less impact on the ecology as well as on the population. Due to the building of such dam on the river Karnapuli in Chittagong hill Tract in erstwhile Pakistan( Presently Bangladesh), lakhs of Chakmas had to seek refuge in India. The careless act of the then Pakistani government made the Chakmas in Arunachal Pradesh nation less. Now they are leading a precarious life as refugees in the state.<br />It is surprising that the CM Dorjee Khandu requested the PM to constitute a high-level committee to solve the Chakma-Hajong problem in the state. I don’t know whether the committee will be made from the Centre or from the state assembly. As already a high power committee had been constituted in the state few months back with Setong Sena as the Chairman. I don’t know to what conclusion they have reach till now. The problem can only be solve if the willingness come from the politician as it is a political problem. Only constituting high level committee will take the problem to nowhere . what is the present high power committee doing till now ? with the state assembly and Lok Sabha election due in the middle of next year, it will require a superhuman willingness from the politicians to find a solution. It is well known fact that ,election will not be held in Chakma and Hajong inhabited constituencies if they are not enroll in the voter list. So, the onus is on the state government side.davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-54112796106746680602007-07-23T01:55:00.000-07:002007-07-23T01:56:09.255-07:00AM I AN INDIAN OR A REFUGEE?This is a question that is persisting in my mind for a long time . I wandered how many Arunachalee Chakmas are giving it a thought. I hope all of them do.<br /> Being born and brought up in India , according to the Citizenship Act , 1955 and also the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003 of section 3-1(a) every person born in India—on or after the 26th day of January, 1950, but before the 1st day of July,<br />1987 , shall be citizen of India by birth. Then , why is this not applicable to the Chakmas of Aruncahal Pradesh? Why the have to go through the trauma of leveling them as refugees? Also according to International Convention a person should not be denied a Citizenship on the basis of caste, community , religion. But then why the Arunachalee Chakmas are denied nationality?<br /><br />When I was young and innocent I never thought that someday somebody is going to question my citizenship status.When my grand parents talk about their life in Pakistan I get puzzled . I question myself “ How come they come from Pakistan?”. At that time I didn’t knew that Bangladesh was also a part of Pakistan . I also questioned them , how did they came from Pakistan , its such a long journey as they had to cross the whole country. They left CHT (Chittagong Hill Tract) before Bangladesh was liberated. They didn’t know anything about their homeland after they left for India so they were not able to reply my question properly.<br />Then as I grew up I started reading History and Geography. I also came into contact with lots of Chakmas from different places in my school days. At the same time I read some historical articles about my people. Then slowly I realized that my grandparents came from Bangladesh (which was part of Pakistan when they left). Also my quest for my roots began. Whenever I go home and met my grandparents I question about their life in CHT , why did they left their homeland? , How did they reached Arunachal Pradesh?, who brought then here?, and so on.<br /><br />Its been almost four and half decades , still my fellow Chakmas in Aruncahal Pradesh , like me , are doubtful whether they are Indian or refugees. My parents built up home , have families, have their own land , paid taxes but they never got the chance to cast their votes to elect their representatives. Ironically , all other Chakmas who were settled in other parts of India are leading a normal life like any other Indian Citizen. Then , why is injustices being done to the Aruncahalee Chakmas? Because of this injustice the future of thousand of Chakma children are hanging in balance. They are not getting education. The youth are not getting any jobs.<br /><br />But one thing is clear that "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.". This is not only Newton Third law motion but it is equally applicable to our daily life. Also , it’s a fact that everybody believes in GOD. Those person who are responsible for ruining the life of thousand of children , will definitely get their verdict from the court of GOD.davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-13670583770607136392007-06-29T22:25:00.000-07:002007-06-29T22:27:12.018-07:00Militancy and the Unemployment Among the Chakma Youth in Arunachal PradeshThe growing of militancy is a cause for concern not only for the Arunachal Pradesh government but also the Indian government. The militants group that are active in Arunachal Praedesh are namely NSCN(I-M) ,NSCN(K) and Arunachal Pradesh Dragon Force(ADF). The NSCN are mainly active in Changlang and Tirap district , where they have sympathizer among the Naga people. The ADF are mainly active in central and western part of the state. It is also alleged that these people are sponsored by some tainted politicians of Arunachal Pradesh. Their mere presence disturb the peace and tranquility of the state.<br />But what is more cause of concern in the recent development is the growing presence of ULFA (United Liberation Front of Asom). The dense forest are becoming safe heaven for the ULFA cadres. The dense and inaccessible forest act as a repellant for military action thus they can build their camp without any fear of raid from either the Indian Army or the Police personals. Even though they are not doing any physical harm to the nearby villagers but they are mentally torturing them. The villagers have to live under constant fear of torture. What can the helpless villagers can do ? If they help the Army to trace out the militants ,there is a fair chance that the militants will come back and torture them . As it is impossible for the Armies to give security for each and every villagers. Also if they don’t help the army , then there is torture from their side. So, what should they do? Question unanswered.<br /><br />What is more concerning and unfortunate news being doing round in Arunachal Pradesh is that the ULFA and NSCN(I-M) and NSCN(K) are recruiting some youth of the Chakmas . I don’t know unto what extend it is true. It will be very unfortunate if the report is found to be true. If it is true then, it is clear that the militants are taking advantage of the poverty condition and unemployment that is frustrating the Chakma youth. They don’t have any source of employment, as the Arunachal Pradesh government stops providing employment to the Chakma. It is also difficult to fine job outside the state. It is very frustrating when you see your friends from other communities are getting jobs even after passing Class 10 or 12, an you are unemployed even after doing graduation. This is the same case with some of the Chakma youth now in Arunachal Pradesh. Is not this pure “DISCRIMINATION”? Being more educated and qualified they are being ignored in job opportunities even in their place of birth. What can be more frustrating then this?<br />The state government should find a solution to the Chakma citizenship issue as soon as possible. Otherwise, the situation may go out of control . Nobody wants Arunachal Pradesh to be another Manipur. It is important to remember that in educated militants are more dangerous than and uneducated one. <br />The Chakma society as a whole is a non-violence society. Also they are Buddhist by religion. Nobody supports any type of violence. Because once any community take up arms , that society is bound to be doom, unless any good leader is there to guide the whole community. Look at the example of Pakistan , they are violent society , now Pakistan is almost a failed state. The Chakma youth who joined those militant groups must have done without the consent of their parents and society. They must have done out of their frustration in life . So, it is the responsibility of both the society and the state government to bring them into the mainstream. The state government should start giving employment opportunities to all the youth without discrimination base on community , caste, etc.davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-48537302676059873742007-06-16T12:59:00.000-07:002007-06-20T12:10:44.832-07:00DISCRIMINATION OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH GOVERNMENT AND THE AAPSU(ALL ARUNACHAL PRADESH STUDENT UNION) TOWARDS THE CHAKMAS AND HAJONGSI have given a thought while giving the title to this piece of my writing. Since only the Arunachal Pradesh government and the AAPSU (All Arunachal Pradesh Student Union) are spearheading the anti- Chakma and Hajong movement. I don’t think that any local Arunachalee public has any hatred feeling towards the Chakmas and Hajongs, which I have been observing from a long time. Though some younger members among the locals have that ill feeling, which have grown from the malicious agendas and xenophobia that are being propagated by some local AAPSU leaders. So, the discrimination is only from the government and the student body.<br />I also met some young Arunachalees, one of them a son of a high grade officer , who don’t have any hatred feeling towards the Chakmas. I was the first Chakma they met in their life. First they thought me as a member of their tribe. But when I told them that “I am a Chakma”, they were astonish. They were surprise that I look like them. They had the misconception that Chakmas look like Bengalis , since they were from Bangladesh. They were more concerned about the corruption and lack of development in the state. Also they were more worried about the Naga militancy in Changlang and Tirap districts.<br />The Chakmas were given land in Arunachal Pradesh by the Indian Government with the intention of permanently settling them. They thought that the Chakmas can again built their shattered life in the state again . Since their life became miserable after they lost all of their arable l and after the building of Khaptai Dam . They were religiously persecuted by the then Pakistani govt. So, they were settled in the state on humanitarian basis. Also, the govt. thought that they will be comfortable living in the state as they were also tribal and Buddhist by religion. That was one of the reason they were settle near the Khamtis and Singphos , who were also Buddhist.<br />From the time the Chakmas were settled in the state , they were given employment opportunities like in paramilitary forces. Some were also given government jobs. There were no problem and no question of citizenship as they were given equal opportunities like any other Indian citizen. They were no discrimination towards them since Arunachal was Union territory at that time. But the problem started after it was made a full fledge state. Mr. Gegong Apang started hatred campaign , when he became the Chief Minister. He started funding the AAPSU to lead the anti- Chakma campaign . Slowly he started taking away the facilities given to the Chakmas by the Central govt. like ration cards, free books for the students , drinking water, electricity etc. When I was young I remember that we used to had electricity in our village then suddenly one fine day the electrician came and took away the transformers. They took away the transformers from every Chakma villages. From that day the day of darkness crumble the Chakma villages.<br />After some time, the Circle Officer of Diyun gave a circular ordering the Chakmas to surrender their ration cards, which added more miseries to the life of the community. Since almost all the Chakmas were dependent on agriculture , even after toiling days after days the don’t get enough rice to sustain them throughout the year. So they depend on the PDS for rice and kerosene oil for lighting their home at night. Thus , snatching away of those facilities resulted in hunger among the community. This was not only a crime against the helpless Chakmas but also a crime against humanity. The Chakmas will never forget those injustice. In order to add more miseries to the already mountain piles of miseries, the Arunachal Pradesh government order the closure of most of the schools in Chakma areas. The only middle school in the Chakma areas of Lohit District was closed rendering the innocent Chakma children without education and taking away their basic human rights. If the government keeps on taking such type of steps then Arunchal will never be a 100% literate state. The Chakma children were also prevented from looking for admission in other nearby schools in Chowkham. This inhumane step taken by the state government had resulted to a generation of illiterate children among the Chakmas .And till date the middle school was lying vacant to be reopen. Is this not a crime against humanity? Those people who were responsible for this irresponsible and inhumane step must repent all throughout there life.<br />This injustice was not only done to the Chakmas of Lohit but also to their fellows of Changlang and Papumpare districts. In Changlang district , the Chakma student were prevented to take admission in any of the government schools. Some of the students studying in Miao Senior Secondary School, Innao Senior Secondary School, Namsai Senior Secondary School , etc had to leave the school in the middle of the academic session rendering hundreds of students school less. Till now Chakma student are denied addmission in any of the government run schools except in Innao Senior Secondary School and that too only the higher secondary student from the community are allowed to take admission.<br />The only School open to the Chakmas in Changlang District is the Diyun Secondary School. Where more than 150 students study in a single class room. In grade 6 , more than 250 students sit in a single class room. Can anybody believe it? It is unbelievable but it is the truth. The pressure in grade 6 in more since all the student from various villages come to take admission in Diyun. Since there are no school to accommodate the student , the Head master is bound to give admission to all the student.<br />Also all the schools in chakma areas were dying from lack of teacher, proper school building. Only 1(one) teacher is allotted for a primary school. Can a single teacher maintain discipline in 5 (five ) classes at the same time?<br />Such is the pathetic condition of the Chakma students . They are suffering due to no fault of them. Just because they are born in Chakma community of Arunachal Pradesh they have to go through these ordeal.<br />While writing this blog , I came across a news from Arunacal Pradesh that the government has constituted a high power committee on the Chakma- Hajong issue. If the state government is committed to solve the contagious issue then definitely they can for the good of all. The committee should include all the concern parties. Otherwise , the politician will again use this issue to gain votes and the student leaders will try to climb the political ladder by making undeliverable promises. Can the AAPSU is able to drive away any Chakmas from the state? Which is a big “NO”. They just make fool of the voters . Now the citizen of Arunachal must realize that Chakmas are also tribal like them and peaceful community . They had already enough of misfortune and now they want to build there life . Now they have became integral part of the Arunachalee society. They are born in Arunachal and want to die in Arunachal. So, don’t allow the politician to make fool of you. They want to divert your attention from the corruption, scandals that are crippling the government. Ask yourself, how much of development work have they done for you? The youth should better focus to build their career instead of indulging in petty politics. They should ask the politician to generate employment opportunities for them. May the Arunachalee society live in harmony.davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-48799436125523688152007-06-07T13:12:00.000-07:002008-01-08T10:01:55.676-08:00WHY AND HOW THE CHAKMAS WERE SETTLED IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH?The innocent Chakma people the the worst victim of partition, the were made to be part of Pakistan without their consent.<br />After the building of Khaptai Dam on the river Kharnaphuli by the then Pakistani Government in Chittagong Hill Tract (presently in Bangladesh) forced the Chakmas to flee their motherland. The building of the dam was a deliberate creation by the then Pakistani government to humiliate and suppressed the Chakmas. The other reason being the religious persecution by the Pakistani government, since the Chakmas were Buddhist by religion. Also the Chakmas from the independent times wanted to be part of Indian Union ,due to which the Pakistani Government see them as a threat . I don’t want to dig out all the suffering my fellow Chakma people had to suffered at that time as bygones are bygones. Now we have to move on and secure a bright future for the community.<br />About the Hajongs , I don’t know exactly how did the came to Arunachal Pradesh. But I know only the “why?”. The reason being religious persecution. They came from Mymensingh District of presently Bangladesh.<br />In between 1964-1969, some 30,000 Chakmas and Hajongs tribals were settled in Arunachal Pradesh. The Indian government also planned to settle them in Andaman and Nicobar Island, where they didn’t wanted to go. Since they were Buddhist by religion , so the Indian government settled some families in the Gaya District of Bihar. But due to cultural differences and climatic condition the didn’t stayed there much and returned back and settle in Arunachal Pradesh. There is a misconception among some of the educated local Arunachalees (I am a Arunachalee too) that all the Chakmas were initially settled in Bihar, which is not true.<br />Initially all the Chakmas were to be settles in Mizo district of Lushai Hill (presently Mizoram). But the then Governor of Assam Vishnu Sahay and the them Chief Minister of Assam B.P Chalika decided to settle the Cakmas from Mizo district to NEFA (presently Arunachal Pradesh) in order to avoid clashes between the Chakmas and Mizos. They were then settle in Government camp in Ledo in Dibrugarh district of Assam from where the were then slowly settled in phase in Changlang , Lohit and Papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh . Since those district were less densely populated at that time.<br />From those time the Chakmas were living as loyal citizen of Arunachal as well as of India. But after the creation of Arunachal Pradesh as a full fledged state from 20 , February 1987 , the Chakma are treated as second class citizen by the Arunachal Pradesh Government denying rights to education, employment and all the basic human rights. They had suffered a lot from the time of Independence to till now. I don’t know when the Indian government and the state government of Arunchal pradesh are going to solve the problem over their grant of Citizenship . I am hoping for a peaceful solution to Chakma problem and a prosperous Arunachal Pradesh where all communities were living in harmony.davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-31358366960641395892007-05-09T07:56:00.000-07:002007-05-09T07:57:34.399-07:00HISTORY OF CHAKMA PEOPLEThe History of Chakmas:<br /><br />There is very little documentation available on the early history of the Chittagong Hill Tracts.However, there is evidence of the mention of a place known as Chacomas in central Chittagong Hill Tracts, probably referring to the land inhabited by the Chakmas, in the 1550s where a Burmese king claims himself to be the “highest and most powerful king of Arakan, Tippera (Tripura) , of Chacomas and of Bengala”, moreover, one of the earliest maps of Bengal drawn by Jao de Barros & Gastadi indicate the presence of a Chakma kingdom in the region.<br /><br /> An overview of the History of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT)<br /><br /> Chittagong Hill Tracts: 5093 square miles, 10% of Bangladesh's total land area. It's forest area is 47% of the country's total forest land. Ethnic minority groups include Chakma, Marma, Tripura, Chak, Khyang, Khumi, Murung, Lushai, Bawm and Pankho.<br /><br />Chakma Queen Manikbi's husband fought many battles with Maghs in the country called Roang (Arakan) in the year 1118 – 1119 AD. During the reign of Chakma king Kamal Chega, there was war with Roang and the Chakmas migrated into that country.<br /><br /> 14th century- Sawngma (Chakma) Raja Marekyaja migrates from Arakan hills to Chittagong belt to establish his rule and dynasty.<br /><br /> 1715- Chakma king Jallal Khan establishes treaty with the Mughal Nawab.<br /><br /> 1715-1760- CHT is independent kingdom, paying revenue from Cotton/Karpas to the Mughal Nawab. Hence the name, "Karpas Region".<br /><br /> 1760-1780- CHT maintains independent kingdom status, but pays revenue to the British rulers.<br /><br /> 1777 & 1780- Chakma warriors fight the East India Company<br /><br /> 1787- Chakma king Jan Baksh Khan pledges allegiance to East India Company. Chittagong Hill Tracts goes under complete control of the British. British pledge not to intervene in administrative affairs of the region. Hunter cites an 1829 regulation to say: "In 1829, Mr. Halhed, the Comissioner stated that the hill tribes were not British subjects but merely tributaries and that we recognized no right on our part to interfere with their internal arrangement."<br /><br /> 20 June, 1860- Notification No 3302 separates the hill area of Chittagong from Chittagong district and creates an independent district called Parbatya Chittagong.<br /><br /> 1861- Parliament passes Indian Council Law. The Law recognizes the regulations passed by Governor General or local authorities with regards to areas outside the Law's jurisdiction.<br /><br /> 1870- Government Of India Act passed, allowing the Governor General to amend laws related to the "special areas"<br /><br /> 1881- Chittagong Hill Tracts Police Regulation 1881 allows Hill Tracts people to form their own independent police force.<br /><br /> 1 May, 1900- Chittagong Hill Tracts Manual law passed. The area is given exemption from administration as an "Excluded Area" to help preserve minority "tribal" culture and heritage. CHT divided into Chakma, Bomang and Mong Circle. Headmen and Karbari to act as local administrators. Manual's Regulation 34 banned non-hill people from buying or acquiring land in the area.<br /><br /> 1920 & 1925- Manual revised to further enhance the safety of the Tribal people.<br /><br /> 1935- India Rule Law ratifies and recognizes validity of CHT Regulation (1900).<br /><br /> 17 August, 1947- As partition approaches, Lord Mount batten pressures Sir Cyril Radcliffe to redraw his lines-- over the Chittagong Hill Tracts and several Punjab districts. In the end, Radcliffe assigns CHT to the new state of Pakistan.<br /><br /> 15-20 August, 1947- Chittagong Hill Tracts People's Association expresses their doubt as to whether their rights will be preserved if they are assigned to Pakistan. The Association raises the Indian flag in the Rangamati District Administrator's office. Some leaders of the Bomang Royal family also protest by raising Burmese flag in Bandarban.<br /><br /> 21 August, 1947- Baluch Regiment arrives in Chittagong Hill Tracts and forces protesters to lower Indian flag. The Regiment then raises the Pakistan flag.Tribal leaders Kamini Mohon Dewan and Sneha Kumar Chakma clash over whether Tribal rights will<br />be protected in Pakistan. A large group that is fearful for their rights give up their land and cross over into India.<br /><br /> 1948- The new Pakistan government expresses suspicion over allegiance of Hill Tracts people, removing Chittagong Hill Tracts Police Regulation 1881. In fear of their safety, several thousand Tribal people seek refuge in India and Burma. Later, when the Indian and Burmese governments attempt to bring international pressure to take back the refugees, the Pakistan government agrees to abide by 1900 Chittagong Hill Tracts Manual Law.<br /><br /> 1950- Violating Chittagong Hill Tracts Manual law, Pakistan government settles several hundred Muslim families in Nanaiachar, Longdu and Bandarban.<br /><br /> 1956- Chittagong Hill Tracts Manual law 1900 is ratified in first constitution.<br /><br /> 1962- The Pakistan government begins to take away Tribal control by replacing the phrase "separate ruled area" with "Tribal (Upajati) Area" and making major changes to the regulation.<br /><br /> 1957-1962- Kaptai Hydro Electric Project Dam is built. 40% of agriculture land in CHT goes under. Thousands of Hill Tracts peoples lose their only source of income.<br /><br /> 1964- Hill Tracts peoples who lost their lands in the Kaptai Dam project are moved to Rehabilitation Areas. Dissatisfied with the rehabilitation efforts, more than 50,000 families take refuge in India. 30,000 of these refugees are later settled by the Indian government in the Arunachal Pradesh (NEFA at that time) . The remainder settle in Tripura and other Indian states.<br /><br /> 1971- Bangladesh liberation war begins. Major Ziaur Rahman and his troops escape to India via CHT, with help from tribals in the area.<br /><br /> 5 December, 1971- After Pakistani soldiers vacate Chittagong's Panchori region, non-Tribal freedom fighters kill 14 Hill Tracts people. Authorities forbid Tribal freedom fighters when they attempt to intervene.<br /><br /> 29 January, 1972- Newly independent Bangladesh's leader, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, assures Chakma representatives that Chakmas would get their due share of government jobs.<br /><br /> 15 February, 1972- Representatives of the Chakma King hand over a 4-point manifesto to Sheikh Mujib, asking for autonomy for Chittagong Hill Tracts.<br /><br /> 24 April, 1972- Manobendro Narayan Larma, member of the King's council, presents the 4-point manifesto to the committee drafting the Bangladesh constitution.<br /><br /> 24 June, 1972- Larma forms a regional political party, the Chittagong Hill Tracts Solidarity Party, to champion the cause of regional autonomy.<br /><br /> 13 February 1973- During a tour of the Hill Tracts, Sheikh Mujib says, "From today, there are no tribal sub-groups in Bangladesh; everyone is a Bengali." In the general elections of 1973, the tribals' Solidarity Party wins two seats in the Parliament for Larma and Chai Thowai Rowaza.<br /><br /> August 1975- The political landscape shifts radically after Sheikh Mujib's assassination. Larma goes into hiding and the Solidarity Party creates an armed militant wing, the Shanti Bahini.<br /><br /> 1976- Under the leadership of Ziaur Rahman, the Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board is created, with Area Commander of Chittagong Cantonment as Chairman. The Board sets up a plan to rehabilitate the resettled Bengali poor in Chittagong. Chakma land is redistributed among Bengali settlers, and they also receive government loans to cover their basic food expenses.<br /><br /> 29 May 1977- The Shanti Bahini launches a lethal attack on local armed forces. In response, both the Army and Navy in the area are fortified to the extent that the ratio of armed forces to CHT residents is 1:5.<br /><br /> 26 December 1977- In a direct warning to Shanti Bahini and Chakmas, Chittagong Cantonment Area Commander Maj. Gen. Manzur announces, "We don't want you. You can go off wherever you please. We just want your land."<br /><br /> 1979- Professor R.I. Chowdhury of Chittagong University leads a survey team to interview tribals. The results are uniformly critical of the Kaptai Dam project. 93% felt they were economically self-sufficient before the flooding. 89% claim they lost their homes due to flooding, and 69% said the compensation they received was insufficient.<br /><br /> 25 March 1980- The Kalampati (Kaokhali) Massacre: the local Martial Law Commander convenes a Chakma meeting at a Buddhist temple. Officers open fire on the gathering, creating a death toll of almost 300. Non-tribals attack Buddhist temples and Chakma residences in the area. MP Upendra Lal Chakma organizes a press conference demanding justice. He accompanies two opposition MPs, Shahjahan Shiraj and Rashed Khan Menon, on a site visit.<br /><br /> 25 April 1980- In a press conference, the 3 MPs demand immediate inclusion of Chakma autonomy into the Bangladesh constitution, curtailing of Army presence and cessation of "non-tribal" resettlement in the area.<br /><br /> December 1980 - The Zia government, after light criticism of the Kalampati massacre, passes the Disturbed Area Bill, bestowing upon the Chittagong Police Sub-Inspector and any Non-Commissioned Army Officers the right to shoot individuals suspected of illegal activities and the right to raid any home suspected of storing weapons.<br /><br /> 29 July 1980 - Following an earlier closed-door meeting with Chakma leaders, President Zia is quoted in the Guardian (London) as saying "We are doing some wrong there. We are being unfair to the tribes. It is a political problem that is being dealt with by Police and Army action. Yet it can be settled politically very easily. We have no basis for taking over these lands and pushing these people into a corner. We should at least call a meeting of these tribal leaders and ask them their demands."<br /><br /> 30 May 1981 - President Zia is assassinated in Chittagong in a coup led by Maj. Gen. Manzur .<br /><br /> 5 February 1982 - Led by the President's Secretary on Tribal Affairs Subimol Dewan, a group of tribal and non-tribal representatives meet with President Abdus Sattar. The Sattar regime does not see any further resolution of the Tribal problem; the few educational and occupational quotas created under Zia are gradually eliminated.<br /><br /> 27 July 1982 - After coming to power, General Ershad meets with three Chakma leaders. He sends Chittagong Cantonment Area Commander Maj. Gen. Mannaf as his representative to Rangamati.<br /><br /> 3 October 1983 - Gen. Ershad proposes a package deal to resolve the Hill Tracts crisis. Meanwhile, a rift within the Solidarity Party leads to the assassination of Manabendro Narayan Larma at the hands of supporters of rival Priti Kumar Chakma.<br /><br /> 1984- In their report to the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP), the Anti-Slavery Society of London criticizes the Bangladesh delegation's report at previous year's session. In particular the Bangladesh delegation's claim that "Bangladesh has no indigenous population" comes under attack.<br /><br /> May 1985- Asian Conference On Religion And Peace (South Korea) presents report on "The crisis of the Chittagong Hill Tracts" which accuses Bangladesh of violating ILO Convention 107 on Tribal and Indigenous Populations.<br /><br /> 21 October 1985 - The 1st summit meeting between the Solidarity Party and the government takes place, with promise of further resolution at a 2d summit scheduled for Christmas. However, the 2nd summit falls through and rehabilitation of non-tribals continues.<br /><br /> 2 August 1985- Bangladesh delegation to UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations strongly attacks London-based Anti-Slavery Society's report on Hill Tracts. The delegation chair calls the report "baseless allegations" and "attempts to tarnish the image" of Bangladesh.<br /><br /> 1986- First International Conference on Chittagong Hill Tracts held in Amsterdam.<br /><br /> 2 June/ 27 July 1986 - Shantibahini launches two separate attacks on the non-tribal population. In retaliation, Bengali settlers pillage local Chakma communities. Many tribals are frightened into crossing the border into India's Tripura kingdom. Meanwhile, the government claims there are 30,000 non-tribal settlers in CHT, not 50,000 as reported by Jumma activists.<br /> 19 September 1987 - In an effort to restore peace to the area, Tribal leaders meet with Gen. Ershad and resolve to find a political solution to the Chakma problem, as opposed to the Shanti Bahini's search for a solution through violence. Ershad formulates a National Committee headed by the Planning Minister A. K. Khondokar.<br /><br /> 17 December 1987 - 19 June 1988 - No resolution is reached during four summit meetings between the government and the Solidarity Party. A 5-point manifesto for regional autonomy is rejected on the grounds that it is untenable under a one-party government. Political solutions circumventing the autonomy issue, including a bid to include Chakma representatives within the government, are rejected by the Solidarity Party.<br /><br /> December 1987- CHT Commission is formed in Netherlands by UN International Working Group on Indigenous Affairs. Commission later brings out influential "Life Is Not Ours" report, which faults Bangladesh government for failing to enter Peace Talks with tribal leaders.<br /> 8 August 1988 - The Bagaichari Massacre: an attack on tribal villages in retaliation for a Shanti Bahini attack on Army troops.<br /><br /> 14/ 15 December 1988 - The 6th summit meeting breaks down in spite of the Solidarity Party's compromise in changing the terminology from "regional" to "local" autonomy.<br /><br /> 28 February 1989 - A bill is passed in Parliament to allow the creation of local governments in all three districts. These local governments would be led by a "tribal" elected by all members of the Local Government Council.<br /><br /> 4 May 1989 - The Shanti Bahini launches an armed response to sabotage the local governments and their electoral process, leading to the assassination of Sub-District Committee Chairman Abdur Rashid Sarkar. In retaliation, settlers attack local Chakma villages, reducing them to infernos. This incident is known as the Longdu Massacre . The martial law government takes over the electoral process, installing its own representatives.<br /><br /> July-August 1990- The UN Economic & Social Council Commission on Human Rights (Working Group on Indigenous Populations) reviews the state of Chittagong Hill Tracts. The number of Hill Tracts refugees in India is reported to be 70,000.<br /><br /> 6 December 1990- Gen. Ershad is toppled from power by a popular uprising. In the ensuing melee, a Committee of Tribal students stage a press conference demanding the removal of the local governments.<br /><br /> 10 April 1992- Bengali settler Kabir Ahmed is killed, allegedly for the attempted rape of a Jumma woman. In retaliation, settlers and law enforcement authorities devastate the Chakma village of Logang, with a death toll of 300. A wave of international condemation follows. In Japan, 130 NGOs and individuals organize a protest against the incident. Later this coalition forms "Japan Committee on CHT Issues". Anti-Slavery International, Survival International and Amnesty International send protest letters to Bangladesh High Commission in London. Khaleda Zia's government forms an inquiry committee to investigate the massacre.<br /><br /> 22 April 1992- At Bangladesh Aid Consortium meeting in Paris, Finance Minister Saifur Rahman is greeted by protests against Logang massacre by European human rights organizations.<br /><br /> May 1992- Amnesty International issues report on Logang killings and sends letter to Bangladesh government asking for full inquiry into tribal deaths.<br /> 19 May 1992- Violence escalates in the area when yet another youth fracas leads to the formation of a non-tribal Greater Chittagong Committee for Student Uprising.<br /><br /> 20 May 1992- Frustrated over government inaction over local violence, Gautam Dewan, Chairman of the Rangamati Local Government Council, hands in his resignation.<br /><br /> 8 July 1992- The BNP government presents a bill in Parliament to increase the life-spans of the local governments. Despite vehement opposition from Tribal members among the rival Awami League party, the bill is passed.<br /><br /> 10 July 1992-The government creates a Committee to resolve the Chakma problem, led by Communications Minister Oli Ahmed. Leaders of the 3 local governments question legitimacy of the Committee for not including elected MPs.<br /><br /> 7 October 1992- Justice SH Khan's "Logang Disturbances Inquiry Commission" brings out a report blaming the Shanti Bahini for causing the Logang massacre. The report is criticized for biased findings. On page 24, the report states "[Bengali settlers] must raise their own security force namely village defense party who should be given arms and training for protection of the village"-- this statement is widely seen as condoning Bengali violence against Jumma people.<br /><br /> 5 November 1992- The first summit meeting between the Solidarity Party and the Committee ends unresolved.<br /><br /> 17 November 1992- The Naniarchar massacre a Tribal student protest is responded to by an army attack on the village of Naniarchar, with 90 tribals killed. Although an inquiry committee is launched by the government, its report remains unpublished.<br /><br /> 10 December 1992- International Year of World's Indigenous People begins. The event is a catalyst for controversy in Bangladesh as a government Minister declares "Bangladesh has no indigenous people". The statement is condemned by NGO's, activists and Jumma leaders. Faced by government inaction, NGOs organize "Indigenous Peoples Day".<br /><br /> March 1995- The US State Department's "1994 Human Rights Report" reports that government settlement programs increased the number of Bengalis in CHT from 3% in 1947 to 45% in 1994.<br /><br /> 23 March 1995- 45 Bangladeshi intellectuals sign a statement accusing Bandarban Police of organizing attacks on tribal students. They include Justice K.M. Sobhan, Dr. Kamal Hossain, Abdul Mannan Chowdhury, Dr. Humayun Azad, and Meghna Guha Thakurata.<br /><br /> 1996- Jumma People's Network of Asia Pacific Australia (JUMNAPA) publishes paper reporting on militarization of Hill Tracts. According to the report, in 1994 there was 1 army officer for every 15 tribals (or "Jumma" people).<br /><br /> 23 June 1996 - The Awami League (AL), led by Sheikh Hasina, is elected to power. In the Chittagong Hill tracts constituencies, AL members win parliament seats through repeated promises to work towards solving the Tribal problem. Post-election however, there is consternation at government inaction. In a bid to gain attention, the Shanti Bahini kills a group of 28 Bengali woodcutters.<br /><br /> 18 July 1996- Government estimate says 8,000 tribals, soldiers and civilians have been killed to date. Tribal activists say the number is much higher.<br /><br /> 30 September 1996 - The Solidarity Party calls a one-month cease-fire to promote discussion with the government. Belatedly, the government forms a National Committee with the aim of resolving the Chakma crisis.<br /><br /> 1997- In the 3d update to "Life Is Not Ours" report, CHT Commission (Netherlands) says "negotiations can be successful only if the traditional systems of land rights in CHT are acknowledged".<br /><br /> 14 September 1997 - PCJSS chairman Jyotirindriyo Bodhipriya Larma, alias Shantu Larma, flies into Dhaka for first time since beginning of insurgency to begin talks with the government.<br /><br /> 18 September 1997 - After four days of talks, Shantu Larma announces a draft agreement to end the insurgency. Cease-fire is extended until Dec 31. A focal point of the agreement is resolution of disputes over land ownership.<br /><br /> 14 October 1997 - At a rally in Bogra, BNP leader Khaleda Zia accuses government of conspiring to hand CHT over to India. She also accuses the government of planning to withdraw the army from the area.<br /><br /> 17 October 1997 - PM Sheikh Hasina assures country that army won?t be withdrawn from CHT. She also says: We don”t want our people, the citizens of a sovereign country, to stay as refugees in other countries.<br /> 1 November 1997 - In response to calls for making the draft Peace Treaty public, Sheikh Hasina says full disclosure prior to signing may cause complications.<br /><br /> 26 November 1997 - Parbattya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samity (PCJSS) to hold seventh round of talks with National Committee on CHT (NCCHT) in Dhaka to finalize Peace Accord.Despite several meetings in 1997, the year the Jumma refugees trekked back, and in 1998, 1999 and 2000 the agreement could not be finalized.<br /><br /><br /><br />DETAILS OF CHAKMA HISTORY:<br />During the rule of the Mughal Emperors over India, the region remained outside their direct control, despite attempts made to bring it under their sphere of influence.<br /><br />TREATIES WITH THE MUGHALS (1713)<br /> When the Mughal Emperors held sway over India, the Hill Tracts remained outside their direct control, despite attempts made to bring it within the writ of the Mughal emperors. The hill people resisted all such attempts, but finlly entered into treties with the Mughal emperors. In 1713 the Chakma Raja, Fateh Khan, obtained permission from the Mughal Emperors to allow the beparies (Bengali marchants) to trade with the Jummas on the payment of a one-time tribute of 11 maunds of cotton.<br />This tribute on trade between the Jummas and the plains constituted the only link, albeit a<br />commercial undertaking, between the Mughals and the Hill Tracts. The Chittagong Hill Tracts continued to be administered by the traditional indigenous authorities without any external interference.<br /><br />TREATY OF PEACE<br /> By 1760, the British East India Company had succeeded in annexing Bengal. The East India Company was essentially a commercial enterprise, and economical interests guided their actions. The Hill Tracts drew their attention as a strategic forntier area which would facilitate access to neighbouring countries, especially as their "relations with the independent frontier tribes, Lushais, Shendus, others, were very unsatisfactory". Another significant factor was that the Hill Tracts were rich in natural resources, in particular forest produce. The forests contain a great vartiety of valuable timber trees, and have large areas under bamboo and cane.<br /> The British first started a military campaign in 1776 designed to include the Hill Tracts within their control. They met with strong resistance from the Chakma Raja, Jan Bux Khan, and his general, Ranu Khan Dewan (earlier referred to as Ramu Khan). After the fighting had continued for a decade, the British imposed an economic blockade cutting off essential supplies to the area, including salt, and in 1787, Raja Jan Bux Khan was forced to conclude a treaty of peace with the British Governor General,<br />Lord Cornwallis. By the terms of the treaty, signed at Fort William, Calcutta, the Chakma had to pay about 20 maunds of cotton to the British for the right to trade. This cotton tribute was later extended to the Marmas and eventually the entire area came to be known as the Kapas Mahal (Cotton Area).<br /><br />BRITISH TRIBUTARIES<br /> Initially, the jurisdiction of the British extended to the collection of the cotton tax only, but gradually this tax collection exercise was instrumental in the British establishing their authority over the Hill Tracts. However, they did not interfere in the internal administration of the area, which remained in the hands of the chief and their headmen, a fact noted in an official record:<br /> "In 1829, Mr. Halhed, the Commissioner stated that the hill-tribes were not British subjects, but merely tributaries, and that he recognized no right of the British to interfere with their internal arrangements. The near neighborhood of a powerful and stable Government naturally brought the chiefs by degrees under British influence, and by the and of the 18th century every leading Chief paid to the Chittagong Collector a certain tribute or yearly gift made to purchase the privilege of free trade between the inhabitants of the hills and the plains. These sums were at first fluctuated in amount but gradually were brought to specified and fixed limits, eventually taking the shape, not of tribute but of revenue paid to the State. The Government did not, however, interfere directly with the internal economy of the hill tract.In 1860, the British declared the Hill Tracts a district within Bengal and appointed a superintendent. Even with the introduction of British power, the region remained under the rule of the three chiefs or rajas in their respective circles, i.e. the Chakma, Bohmong and Mong, while continuing with the<br />payment of the tribute in cotton. The Mong circle - located in the north - which was under the jurisdiction of the Chakma Rani, was created by the British even though the predominant people in that area at that time were Tripuras – 18,559; the Chakma population was 6,980 while the Marmas accounted for 6,704 persons only. The appointed chief was related to the Bohmong chief.<br />In 1900, the British enacted the CHT Regulations for administrative purposes. The most relevant in these regulations was to preserve the area as an indigenous region separated from the plains of Bengal. The regulations placed restriction on outsiders to enter and reside in the region and the creation of the Frontier Police composed of hill people.<br />In 1935, the government of British India declared the CHT to be an “Excluded Area” i.e. an exclusive homeland for indigenous people with restrictions to settlement on non-indigenous persons.<br /><br />In 1947, when the subcontinent was divided into two sovereign states – India and Pakistan, the CHT, despite having a 97% non-Muslim population was included into Pakistan. The new government respected the “excluded area” status until 1964, when the government abolished it by making an amendment to the constitution, against the wishes of the people and in contravention of stipulations in the constitution. <br />In 1965, the inhabitants were given voting rights to the legislative assemblies for the first time. Furthermore, despite opposition from indigenous leaders, the government created a massive lake by creating a dam for generating electricity that submerged 54,000 acres of agricultural land - 40% of the total cultivable land and displaced more than 100,000 persons in central Hill Tracts. More than 50,000 Chakmas were forced to seek shelter in Indian states of NEFA presently Arunachal Pradesh ,Assam ,Tripura and other parts of the country<br /><br />HOW CHT WAS CEDED TO PAKISTAN:<br /><br />Throughout the British period the 1900 Act functioned as a safe guard for the Jumma people prohibiting migration of the non-indigenous people to the C.H.T. In 1947 Radcliffe ceded the C.H.T. district to Pakistan, when the Indian subcontinent was partitioned on the basis of religion into Islamic Pakistan and secular India, though the district was 98.5% Buddhist and Christian, and against the express wishes of the Jumma people. On the 15th of August 1947, Chakma youths under the leadership of Sneha Kumar Chakma hoisted the Indian tricolour at Rangamati, while in the south; the<br />Marmas hoisted the Burmese flag at Bandarban. Six days later the Pakistanis lowered the Indian tricolor at gunpoint.<br />Jawaharlal Nehru after promising Sneha Kumar Chakma, the representative of the Parbattya Chattogram Jana Samity, that the Bengal Boundary Commission had no jurisdiction over the C.H.T. Sneha Kumar Chakma had met Sardar Patel, and Jawaharlal Nehru in July 1947 and was promised by both, that C.H.T. would remain with India.Then on the 18th of July 1947, when the Indian Independence Act was published, it showed that Radcliff had not listened to the submissions of the two Hindu members of the Bengal Boundary Commission, Justice Bijon Mukherjee and Charu Biswas, that C.H.T should be with India. Sneha Kumar ran to Delhi after hoisting the Indian Tricolor at Rangamati on the 15th of August 1947, to meet the Indian leaders to try and revise the decision of Radcliffe.He met Sardar Patel, who told him that he was with him but he should meet Jawaharlal Nehru. It took 50 days for Sneha Kumar Chakma to meet Nehru. When he finally got an audience and told Nehru the C.H.T. should be with India, and the Chakmas were ready to fight for this and would India help with arms, Nehru got up in anger and shouted "Do you propose to bring India under foreign rule again?" That decision sounded the death knell for the hapless Chakmas.<br />Thus, the Chakmas had to unwillingly cede with Pakistan.davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3894602117661382002.post-48099317464215997932007-04-26T12:13:00.000-07:002007-04-26T12:14:03.141-07:00Discrimination Of Arunachal GovernmentNow a days there is a lots of noise of development in Arunachal Pradesh. The new Chief Minister has taken theoath to root out corruption revival of state owned APEX Cooperative Bank, streamlining of the public distribution system (PDS), time-boundaccelerated implementation of power projects and other critical on-going schemes related to development activities which have direct bearing on the life of ruralpoor of the state. The previous govt. of Mr. Apang was sick. The played lots ofpolitical games, which the public can'tdigest it anymore.Now , people got very high expectationfrom Mr. Dorjee's govt. The changes are expectated to be seen very soon. But, what i have observed that whateverdevelopment activities project are goingon are mainly centre on western and central part od the state. There areno development project slated for Changlang, Tirap and Lohit District.The govt. must realized that the development of the 3 district are as equaly important as any other district.I don't know how long this discriminationwill go on? I have not seen any changes in this 3 district in the last 12 years.Every year i go home expecting to see develoment of roads, health care, education etc. But to my dismay,the development activities in these three districtis still stagnant. I don't know what the local politicians do with the money alloted to them? It is obvious that it goes to their blackhole like pockets.davidchakmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09065679050479065100noreply@blogger.com0